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yoga sutras of patanjali pdf
what is reality, knowledge,the meaning of life? big topics you might tackle figuratively explainiing existence as a journey down a road or across an ocean, a climb, a war, a book, a thread, a game,a window of opportunity, or an all-too-short-lived flicker of flame.
yoga sutras of patanjali pdf, 2,400 years ago, one of history's famous thinkers saidlife is like being chained up in a cave, forced to watch shadows flitting across a stone wall. pretty cheery, right?
that's actually what plato suggestedin his allegory of the cave, found in book vii of "the republic," in which the greek philosopherenvisioned the ideal society by examining concepts like justice, truth and beauty. in the allegory, a group of prisonershave been confined in a cavern since birth with their backs to the entrance,unable to turn their heads, and with no knowledge of the outside world. occasionally, however, people and other things pass by the cave opening, casting shadows and echos onto the wallthe captives face.
the prisoners name and classify these illusions, believing they're perceivingactual entities. suddenly, one prisoner is freedand brought outside for the first time. the light hurts his eyes and he findsthe new environment disorienting. when told that the things around him are real, while the shadows were mere reflections,he cannot believe it. the shadows appeared much clearer to him. but gradually, his eyes adjust until he can look at reflections in the water,
at objects directly, and finally at the sun, whose light is the ultimate sourceof everything he has seen. the prisoner returns to the caveto share his discovery, but he is no longer used to the darkness, and has a hard time seeing the shadows on the wall. the other prisoners think the journeyhas made him stupid and blind, and violently resist any attempts to free them. plato introduces this passageas an analogy
of what it's like to be a philosophertrying to educate the public. most people are not just comfortablein their ignorance but hostile to anyone who points it out. in fact, the real life socrateswas sentenced to death by the athenian government for disrupting the social order, and his student plato spends much of "the republic" disparaging athenian democracy, while promoting rule by philosopher kings. with the cave parable,
plato may be arguing that the massesare too stubborn and ignorant to govern themselves. but the allegory has capturedimaginations for 2,400 years because it can be read in far more ways. importantly, the allegory is connectedto the theory of forms, developed in plato's other dialogues, which holds that like the shadows on the wall, things in the physical world are flawedreflections of ideal forms, such as roundness, or beauty.
in this way, the cave leads to manyfundamental questions, including the origin of knowledge, the problem of representation, and the nature of reality itself. for theologians, the ideal formsexist in the mind of a creator. for philosophers of languageviewing the forms as linguistic concepts, the theory illustrates the problemof grouping concrete things under abstract terms. and others still wonder whetherwe can really know
that the things outside the caveare any more real than the shadows. as we go about our lives, can we be confident in what we think we know? perhaps one day, a glimmer of light may punch a holein your most basic assumptions. will you break free to struggletowards the light, even if it costs you your friends and family, or stick with comfortableand familiar illusions? truth or habit? light or shadow?
hard choices, but if it's any consolation,you're not alone. there are lots of us down here.
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