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Yoga West Roxbury
the seal of the massachusetts bay colony isa native person saying, "come over and help us." this was the way the puritans imaginedthe indians were receiving them, as coming to help them, help them to salvation. now,most of the native people in the boston area had died of the plague in 16-teens, and smallpoxin the early 1630s. the largest populations of native people were in the south and thewest, and in central connecticut, the area
Yoga West Roxbury, that's between today's thames river and connecticutriver were the pequots, one of the largest groups left in southern new england. and thedutch were interested in trade along long island sound and up into the connecticut rivervalley, in fact the dutch had started a trading post just south of what is today hartford.at the same time, the plymouth colonists had
an interest in starting a trading post onthe connecticut river. and in the mid 1630s, a disaffected group from the massachusettsbay colony led by thomas hooker leaves dorchester for connecticut, and they establish theircolony about a mile north of the dutch colony, the dutch trading post on the connecticutriver. so now you have three different groups of europeans vying for interest in the connecticutriver valley, and you also have the pequots who are there; they've been there from timeand memorial. and a conflict ensues, a real conflict over land and control of the connecticutriver valley, and what then was called the pequot river, which today is called the thamesriver. the pequots had two big forts on either side of their territory, one roughly wherenew london is, the other closer to the connecticut
river, and then in between there were severalthousand pequots living here. and the origins of the war, somewhat complicated and confusing,nonetheless in the mid 1630s massachusetts goes to war against the pequots and are invadingthe pequot territory, and devastating the pequots; attacking their forts, burning theirforts, killing their women and children, and selling them into slavery. it's one of themost devastating wars in the history of the country, certainly the most devastating forthe native people in 1637. this war begins with trade, or concerns about trade, concernsabout land, concerns about a dynastic dispute among the pequots and the mohegans, and endswith the real devastation of the pequots at the end of the 1630s. and this is a tragedyfor the pequots. it opens up connecticut to
settlement from boston. john winthrop's songoes off to england and negotiates to get the charter for a colony at the mouth of theconnecticut river, the area where saybrook is, and up the river there is a small colonynear hartford, again disaffected people from boston are moving out into this area withthe devastation of the pequots. it causes some questioning here about what exactly we'redoing. remember, our reason for coming was to help these people and bring them to christianity.the reverend john elliot, the minister of the church in roxbury, genuinely concernedabout what's happened to the pequots, what we have done and have we betrayed our mission,decides it's imperative that he start converting the native people to christianity. so elliotbegins translating the bible into the massachusett
dialect. and the first bible printed in northamerica is printed on the press brought over to cambridge int he late 1630s, and is printedactually in the massachusett dialect, so that elliot transliterates the massachusett language,applying letters to the sounds so that it can be read aloud and the native people willunderstand it. and harvard college has begun to train indian ministers so that the nativepeople can embrace christianity. and the big question for us might be, "why would the nativepeople want to embrace christianity, particularly since the christians who have come over tohelp them have wound up killing them?" and the answer really is that smallpox is sucha devastating illness that since the arrival of the europeans, what the indians have knownis death. and the old ways, the old religious
understandings haven't been working. and whatthe christians offer is salvation, the christians offer eternal life. and that is somethingthat is very appealing. so elliot begins the process of translating the bible and convertingnative people, and also establishing towns for native people who have embraced christianity.they're called praying towns, places like punkapog, just southwest of boston, todaythe town of canton, established as an indian praying town; or nanantom on the banks ofthe charles river. again, communities of indians who have embraced christianity, and are alsocoming to live the way the european christians are living. so you have this attempt by theenglish to begin christianizing the indians, and those who haven't accepted christianity,as i said the pequots are either killed or
they are sent off into slavery in the westindies, and you have the europeans trying to make some sense of this or justify whatthey have done. now, for many years the thinking was that the pequots had been exterminatedin the 1630s in this devastating war. and the pequots certainly are minimized as a forcein connecticut. you may know that in the 19th century herman melville writes one of thegreat novels, "moby dick," about the quest for a whale among other things and he callsthe whale ship "the pequot," and it invokes this vanished people of central connecticut.now we know of course the pequots weren't eliminated in completely. in the 20th centurythe pequots come back, and in the 1980s the pequots actually reoccupy, or the descendantsof the pequots, reoccupy the tract of land
that had been the center of the pequot nation,and now they run one of the largest casinos in north america at foxwoods. again the pequotshave come back in a big way in the 20th and 21st century, having been all but eliminatedin the 1630s in this first devastating wave of european colonization, as the pequots wereone of the real threats to the europeans, or to european hegemony, and the puritansgo to war against the pequots, creating in one way a puritan identity and a puritan oppositionto the native people, but also causing the puritans to question why they were here andif they were in fact betraying their mission. so the pequot war, devastating, bloody war,that gives rise to institutions like harvard, attempts to christianize the indians, andto the long range of history, questions about
the identity of the people who have come hereas well as the people who were here to begin with.
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